The Cell Cycle

Today we will learn about the cell cycle. You may easily confuse this with mitosis, which is heavily discussed in biology curriculum, but keep in mind that mitosis is just one part of the cell cycle, along with two other main stages: interphase and cytokinesis. Interphase The interphase is the longest and most active phase...

The Endosymbiotic Theory

The discussion of the origin of cells, which were mentioned in the latest post, involves many aspects including prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It is very likely that the first cells were prokaryotes, considering their simplicity compared to their eukaryotic counterparts. Still, the origin of eukaryotic cells is better understood. The endosymbiotic theory, which incorporates double...

The Origin of Cells

Cells are known to be the smallest unit of life. But how were these cells first created? The answer to this question is highly significant in that it leads to discovering the origin of life. Today we will find out about the origin of cells and related theories. Louis Pasteur, a microbiologist from France, provided...

Gene Mutation

We have discussed gene mutation before when talking about evolution. Mutation is indeed one of the processes that lead to evolution along with variation, gene flow, non-random mating, etc. Today, we will take a look at types of gene mutation and sickle cell anemia - a disease caused by mutation. Gene Mutation A gene mutation...

Cell Differentiation and Stem Cells

We have learned previously that one part of the cell theory is that new cells can only be produced from existing cells. The new cells can be divided into two broad categories: stem cells, which can develop into any form of cells, and non-stem cells, which are specialized through the process of cell differentiation. Today...

Cell Theory

Cells are the basic unit that composes all living things. However, cells were not discovered easily. In fact, it took many scientists and lots of time to find out the existence of cells and their characteristics. Today, we will look at the content of the cell theory and important scientists that made a major discovery...

Organelles, plant cells, and animal cells

Cells are the basic unit of all living organisms. All human are made of smalls, and grass, horses, dogs, trees, and birds are all made up of cells. There are two types in a eukaryotic cell: plant cells and animal cells. In these cells, there are various organelles, which have a function in the cell....

Redox Reactions

A couple of weeks ago, we discussed cell respiration - the controlled release of energy to produce ATP. In order for both anaerobic and aerobic cell respiration to take place, the exchange of hydrogen molecules, electrons, and oxygen reactions are crucial. Today we will learn redox reactions, which is a combined word for reduction and...

Cell Respiration

The behavior of cells is similar to that of humans in that it needs energy to survive. Cells acquire energy, or ATP, through cellular respiration in the mitochondria. With this energy, cells allow us to move our muscles, repair damaged cells, digest food, and carry out many more critical processes. Today we will learn the...

Functions of Life in Paramecium and Chlamydomonas

In one of the previous posts, I have mentioned the fundamental functions of all living things. It was abbreviated as MRS GREN. We will slightly change MRS GREN into MR SHENG so that we can include homeostasis and metabolism as one of the functions of life. M: Metabolism - all organisms are able to perform...